Kuona pafupi (myopia) kwakhala vuto lalikulu padziko lonse lapansi kwa achinyamata,chifukwa cha zinthu ziwiri zofunika: nthawi yayitali pafupi ndi ntchito (monga maola 4-6 patsiku a homuweki, makalasi apaintaneti, kapena masewera) komanso nthawi yochepa yopuma panja. Malinga ndi deta ya World Health Organization (WHO), achinyamata opitilira 80% ku East Asia ali ndi vuto la myopia - lalikulu kwambiri kuposa avareji yapadziko lonse ya 30%. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi kukhala zodetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndikuti maso a achinyamata akadali mu gawo lofunika kwambiri la chitukuko: maso awo (mtunda wochokera ku cornea kupita ku retina) amatalika mwachangu pazaka zapakati pa 12-18. Ngati sayang'aniridwa, myopia imatha kuipiraipira ndi madigiri 100-200 chaka chilichonse, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha mavuto a maso a nthawi yayitali monga myopia yambiri, kugawanika kwa retina, komanso glaucoma akakula.
Magalasi achikhalidwe owonera kamodzi amangokonza masomphenya osawoneka bwino omwe alipo patali—sachita chilichonse kuti achepetse kupita patsogolo kwa myopia. Apa ndi pomwe magalasi a defocus okhala ndi mfundo zambiri amaonekera ngati njira yosinthira masewera. Mosiyana ndi magalasi achikhalidwe, omwe amapanga "hyperopic defocus" (chithunzi chosawoneka bwino) kumbuyo kwa retina, magalasi apaderawa amagwiritsa ntchito magulu osiyanasiyana a magalasi ang'onoang'ono kapena malo owoneka bwino pamwamba pa lensi. Kapangidwe kameneka kamatsimikizira kuwona bwino pakati pa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku (monga kuwerenga buku kapena kuwona bolodi la mkalasi) ndikupanga "myopic defocus" (zithunzi zomveka bwino za m'mbali) m'malo akunja a retina. Defocus iyi ya m'mbali imatumiza chizindikiro cha "kusiya kukula" ku diso, zomwe zimachepetsa kutalika kwa mzere wa diso—chimene chimayambitsa kuipiraipira kwa myopia. Kafukufuku wazachipatala ku Asia ndi Europe wasonyeza nthawi zonse kuti magalasi a defocus okhala ndi mfundo zambiri amachepetsa kupita patsogolo kwa myopia ndi 50-60% poyerekeza ndi magalasi achikhalidwe.
Kupatula ntchito yawo yaikulu yowongolera myopia, magalasi awa amapangidwa makamaka kuti azigwirizana ndi moyo wa achinyamata. Ambiri amapangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi polycarbonate zomwe sizingakhudze mphamvu ya kuwala, zomwe zimatha kupirira kugwa mwangozi (zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri ndi zikwama zam'mbuyo kapena zida zamasewera) ndipo zimakhala zolimba nthawi 10 kuposa magalasi wamba. Ndi opepuka komanso olemera 30-50% poyerekeza ndi magalasi achikhalidwe - amachepetsa kupsinjika kwa maso komanso kusasangalala ngakhale atakhala maola 8+ atavala (tsiku lonse la sukulu komanso zochitika za kusukulu). Mitundu yambiri imaphatikizaponso chitetezo cha UV chomwe chimamangidwa mkati, kuteteza maso a achinyamata ku kuwala koopsa kwa UVA/UVB akakhala panja (monga kuyenda kupita kusukulu kapena kusewera mpira).
Kuti ma lenzi agwire bwino ntchito, ayenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi zizolowezi zosavuta koma zokhazikika zowonera. Lamulo la "20-20-20" ndi losavuta kutsatira: mphindi 20 zilizonse zowonera kapena kugwira ntchito pafupi, yang'anani chinthu chomwe chili pamtunda wa mamita 6 kwa masekondi 20 kuti mupumule minofu ya maso yogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso. Akatswiri amalangizanso kuti maola awiri akukhala panja tsiku lililonse—dzuwa lachilengedwe limathandiza kuwongolera kukula kwa diso ndikuchepetsa myopia. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyezetsa maso kotala ndikofunika: madokotala a maso amatha kuyang'anira kupita patsogolo kwa myopia ndikusintha malangizo a lenzi ngati pakufunika kuti azitsatira thanzi la maso la achinyamata lomwe likusintha.
Magalasi a Multi-point defocus ndi zinthu zambiri osati chida chowongolera maso—ndi njira yothandiza achinyamata pa thanzi lawo lonse la maso. Mwa kuthana ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha kupita patsogolo kwa myopia ndikugwirizana bwino ndi miyoyo ya achinyamata, amapereka njira yodalirika yotetezera masomphenya abwino tsopano komanso mtsogolo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-25-2025